Most of the animal behavior research at Texas A&M is "applied ethology,"or studying the behavior of animals that are under the control of people and then linking that to some aspect of production efficiency, stress or welfare. Some of our studies are also relatively basic, dealing with issues such as cognition, perception, and measurement of stress.

Partial List of Publications - 1993 to 2006:

Dunkley, C. S., T. H. Friend, J. L. McReynolds, C. L. Woodward, W. K. Kim, K. D. Dunkley, L. F. Kubena, D. J. Nisbet and S. C. Ricke. 2008. Behavioral Responses of Laying Hens to Different Alfalfa-Layer Ration Combinations Fed During Molting. J Poultry Sci (accepted with revisions).

Dunkley, C. S., T. H. Friend, J. L.  McReynolds, W. K.  Kim, K.D.  Dunkley, L. F.  Kubena, D. J. Nisbet and S. C Ricke. 2008.  Behavior of Laying Hens on Alfalfa Crumble Molt Diets.  J Poultry Sci (accepted with revisions)

Archer, G. S., T. H. Friend, D. Caldwell, P. D. Krawczel, C. M. Iacono, H. Keen and T. Martin.  2008A.  The impact of feeding several components of the seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum on transported lambs.  Animal Feed Science and Technology140:258-271.

Iacono, C. M., T. H. Friend, H. Keen, T. Martin, and P. Krawczel.  2007.  Effects of density and water availability on the behavior, physiology, and weight loss of slaughter horses during transport.  J. Equine Vet. Sci. 27:355-361.

Iacono, C. M., T. H. Friend, R. D. Johnson, P. D. Krawczel and G. S. Archer.  2007.  A preliminary study on the utilization of an onboard watering system by horses during commercial transport.  Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 105:227-231.

Krawczel, P. D., T. H. Friend, D. J. Caldwell, G. Archer and K. Ameiss.  2007.  Effects of continuous versus intermittent transport on plasma constituents and antibody response of lambs.  J. Anim. Sci. 85:468-476.

Archer, G. S., T. H. Friend,  D. Caldwell, K. Ameiss and P. D. Krawczel.  2007.  Effect of the seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum on lambs during forced walking and transport.  J. Anim. Sci. 85:225-232.

Friend, T. H., H. A. Keen, C. M. Iacono.  2006.  Activity of unrestrained horses during on-truck rest stops.  J. Equine Vet. Sci. 26:573-577.

Nevill, C. H. and T. H. Friend.  2006.  A preliminary study on the effects of limited access to an exercise pen on stereotypic pacing in circus tigers.  Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 101:355-361.

Martin, T. I., T. H. Friend, J. L. Williams and G. S. Archer.  2006.  Predictors of success in an undergraduate animal behavior course.  NACTA Journal. Sept:51-56.

Krawczel, P. D., T. H. Friend and R. Johnson.  2006.  A note on the preference of naïve horses for different water bowls.  Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 100:309-313.

Krawczel, P.D., T.H. Friend and A. Windom.  2006.  Stereotypic behavior of circus tigers: Effects of performance.   Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.  95:189-198.

Williard, S. T., D. C. Lay Jr., T. H. Friend, D. A. Neuendorff, and R. D. Randel. 2005. Plasma progesterone response following ACTH administration during mid-gestation in the pregnant Brahman heifer. Theriogenology 63:1061-1069.

Williams, J. L., T. H. Friend, C. H. Nevill, and G. Archer. 2004. The efficacy of a secondary reinforcer (clicker) during acquisition and extinction of an operant task in horses. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 88:331-341.

Nevill, C. H., T. H. Friend and M. J. Toscano. 2004. Survey of transport environments of circus tiger (Panthera Tigris) acts. J. Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 35:167-174.

Archer, G.S., S. Dindot, T.H. Friend, S. Walker , G. Zaunbrecher, B. Lawhorn and J. A. Piedrahita. 2003. Hierarchial phenotypic and epigenetic variation in cloned swine. Biol. Reprod. 69:430-436. 

Archer, G. S., T. H. Friend, J. Piedrahita, C. H. Nevill, and S. Walker . 2003. Behavioral variation among cloned pigs. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 82: 151-161.

Nevill, C. H., T. H. Friend. 2003. The behavior of circus tigers during transport. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 82:329-337.

Williams, J. L. and T. H. Friend.  2003.  Behavior of circus elephants during transport.  J. Elephant Managers Association 14:8-11

Williams, J. L., T. H. Friend, M. J. Toscano, M. N. Collins, A. Sisto-Burt, and C. H. Nevill. 2003. The effects of an imprint training procedure conducted at birth on the reactions of foals at six months of age. Equine Veterinary J. 35:127-132.

Broucek, J., M. Uhrincat, C.W. Arave, T. H. Friend, S. Mihina, P. Kisac and A. Hanus. 2002. Effects of rearing methods of heifers during milk replacement period on their postweaning behaviour in the maze. Acta Vet. Brno . 71:509-516.

Williams, J. L., T. H. Friend, M. J. Toscano, M. N. Collins, A. Sisto-Burt, and C. H. Nevill. 2002. The effects of imprint training on the reactions of foals at one, two, and three months of age. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 77:105-114.

Toscano, M. J., T. H. Friend and C. H. Nevill. 2001 Environmental conditions and body temperature of circus elephants transported during relatively high and low temperature conditions. J. Elephant Managers Assoc. 12:115-149.

Friend, T. H. 2001. A review of the recent research on the transportation of horses. J. Anim. Sci. 79(Electronic Supplement):E32-E40.

Toscano, M.J. and T. H. Friend. 2001. A note on the effects of forward and rear-facing orientations on movement of horses during transport. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 73:281-287.

Sisto, A. M. and T. H. Friend. 2001. The effect of confinement on motivation to exercise in young dairy calves. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 73:83-91.

Reece, V. P., T. H. Friend, C. H. Stull, T. Grandin and T. Cordes. 2000. Equine slaughter transport – update on research and regulations. J. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc. 216:1253-1258.

Gibbs, A. E. and T. H. Friend. 2000. Effect of animal density and trough placement on drinking behavior and dehydration in slaughter horses. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 20:643-650.

Friend, T. H. 2000. Dehydration, stress and water consumption in horses during long-distance commercial transport. J. Anim. Sci. 78:2568-2580.

Gruber, T. M., T. H. Friend, J. M. Gardner, J. M. Packard, B. Beaver, and D. Bushong. 2000. Variation in stereotypic behavior related to restraint in circus elephants. Zoo Biology 19:209-221.

Bushong, D. M., T. H. Friend and D. A. Knabe. 2000. Salivary and plasma cortisol response to acute or depot release of adrenocorticotropin in barrows. Laboratory Animals 34:171-181.

Keddy-Hector, A., C. Allen and T. Friend. 2000. Cognition in domestic pigs: relational concepts and error recognition. J. Comp. Psych. (submitted).

Collins, M. N., T. H. Friend, F. D. Jousan and S. C. Chen. 1999. Effects of density on displacement, falls, injuries, and orientation during horse transportation. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 67:169-179.

Anderson, M. K., T. H. Friend, J. W. Evans and D. M. Bushong. 1999. Behavioral assessment of horses in therapeutic riding programs. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 63:11-24.

Friend, T. H. 1999. Behavior of picketed circus elephants. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 62:73-88.

Gibbs, A. E. and T. H. Friend. 1999. Horse preference for orientation during transport and the effect of orientation on balancing ability. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 63:1-9.

Friend, T. H. and M. L. Parker. 1999. The effect of penning versus picketing on stereotypic behavior of circus elephants. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 64:213-225.

Lay, Jr., D. C., T. H. Friend, R. D. Randel, C. L. Bowers, K. K. Grissom, D. A. Neuendorff and O. C. Jenkins. 1998. Restricted nursing affects a calf's physiological and behavioral reactions to subsequent restraint and weaning. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 56:109-119.

Friend, T. H., M. Martin, D. Householder and D. M. Bushong. 1998. Stress responses of horses during commercial truck transport. J. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc. 212:838-844.

Lay, D. C., Jr., R. D. Randel, J. A. Carroll, T. H. Friend, T. H. Welsh, Jr., O. C. Jenkins, D. A. Neuendorff, D. M. Bushong, and G. M. Kapp. 1997. Effects of prenatal stress on the fetal calf. Domestic. Anim. End.. 14:73-80.

Lay, D. C., Jr., R. D. Randel, T. H. Friend, T. H. Welsh, Jr., O. C. Jenkins, D. A. Neuendorff, D. M. Bushong, E. K. Lanier, and M. K. Bjorge. 1997. Effects of prenatal stress on the suckling calf. Journal of Animal Science. 75:3143-3151.

Kapp, G. M., T. H. Friend, D. A. Knabe, D. M. Bushong, and D. C. Lay, Jr. 1997. Nutritional, physiological, and behavioral effects of metabolism crates on lambs. Contemp. Topica Lab. Anim. Sci.. 36(S):61-65.

Hsieth, M-L., T. H. Friend, D. C. Lay, Jr., and G. G. Wagner. 1996. The effect of confinement in metabolism stalls on cortisol, antibody production, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity of lambs. Contemp. Topics Lab. Anim. Sci.. 35:48-52.

Olesen, L. S., C. M. Nygard, T. H. Friend, D. Bushong, D. A. Knabe, K. S. Vestergard, and R. K. Vaugghan. 1996. Effect of partitioning pens on aggressive behavior of pigs regrouped at weaning. Applied Animal Behavioral Science. 46:167-174.

Lay, D. C., Jr., T. H. Friend, R. D. Randel, O. C. Jenkins, D. A. Neuendorff, G. M. Kapp, and D. M. Bushong. 1996. Adrenocorticotropic hormone dose response and some physiological effects of transportation on pregnant Brahman cattle. Journal of Animal Science. 74:1806-0811.

Friend, T. H., D. C. Lay, Jr., d. M. Bushong, and D. W. Pierce. 1994. Wisconsin 's "Stale Calf" issue and a study designed to resolve some of the anmal welfare concerns. Journal of Animal Science. 72:2260-2263.

Clark, D. K., T. H. Friend, and G. R. Dellmeier. 1993. The effect of orientation during trailer transport in heart rate, cortisol, and balance in horses. Applied Animal Behavioral Science. 38:179-189.

Bowers, C. L., T. H. Friend, K. K. Grissom, and D. C. Lay, Jr. 1993. Confinement of lambs in metabolism stalls increased adrenal function, thyroxine, and motivation for movement. Applied Animal Behavioral Science. 36:149-158.