In recent years more research attention has been directed toward the equine athlete. New information is becoming available and new concepts are being formed.

Horses differ in ability, behavior, and strength, and performance events vary enough in duration and intensity to require specialized training programs. Regardless of the competition or the horse, there are several important concepts that should be employed to develop a well conditioned horse. As industry adopts principles based on field and laboratory research, the well-being of equine athletes will undoubtedly be improved and public perception of the industry will be enhanced.

Body condition can be adjusted to delay fatigue and influence thermal regulation. Body weight estimates can aid in feeding horses more effectively. Preride checks and adequate warm-up are vital to the initial conditioning and specificity of training phases horses must undergo to be competitive. Heart rate provides a good monitor of how horses respond to exercise and can be used to minimize injury through effectively regulated overloading techniques. Diet plays a major role in conditioning and energy can be provided in a fashion to increase time to fatigue and improve heat dissipation. Cardiovascular fitness remains with horses longer than skeletal strength during off-periods and both ground surfaces and exercise schedules impact the length of time needed to prepare for the rigors of competition.

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